Functioning reproductive organs are essential for the survival of a species. The reproductive system is very sensitive to exposure of chemical substances of anthropogenic origin. Humans release great amounts of chemical substances to the environment by our means of life and these substances have been proved to have a negative effect on the reproductive ability of different vertebral classes. In the Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) a declined reproductive ability as an effect of decreased testosterone levels and decreased testicular size has been connected to the presence of high levels of organohalogenic compounds like PCBs. Although the Swedish brown bear (Ursus arctos) is not as carnivorous as its close relative the Polar bear it is still exposed to environmental.

Environmental chemicals are transported to the Arctic through the air and oceans, once within the Arctic they spread through rivers, lakes and other watercourses. Polar bears and sledge dogs in-gest high concentrations of environmental chemicals since many of the chemicals are fat-soluble and their diet mainly consists of marine mammals. The aim of this study is to describe how environmental chemicals spread in nature, how they reach the Polar bears, and finally how they affect the animals reproduction, with reproductive hormones and genitals in focus. The animals are exposed to a cocktail effect which complicates the assessment of the chemicals impact on the reproduction. Studies show that the genitals can decrease in size or become malformed, sexual maturation can be affected and the reproductive hormones can be disturbed.

Examensarbetet Exteriört Designkoncept av Polar 560 för Soliferpolar AB är den avslutande delen på civilingenjörsprogrammet Teknisk Design vid Luleå tekniska universitet med inriktning industridesign. Examensarbetet är utfört under en projekttid på 20 veckor åt SoliferPolar AB. SoliferPolar AB är idag nordens största tillverkare av husvagnar. Platsen är Dorotea, där både SOLIFER och POLAR tillverkas. Arbetet syftar till att finna en tilltalande exteriör husvagnsdesign som skall öka marknadsandelarna för SoliferPolar AB genom ökad försäljning av POLAR.

SAMMANFATTNINGIsbjörnen är mycket populär hos djurparksbesökare och en viktig symbol för klimathotet, trots detta finns fortfarande många frågetecken kring hur vi ger isbjörnar i djurparker hög välfärd. I litteraturen har vi länge talat om isbjörnar som solitära djur men trots detta låter vi dem ofta dela hägn med andra isbjörnar på djurparker. Det har observerats positiva effekter av grupphållning av isbjörnar, bland annat sänkt förekomst av stereotypa beteenden, men vi måste vidare utreda vilken påverkan det har på deras välfärd. Ytterligare problem för isbjörnar på djurparker är stereotypt vankande som har observerats hos flertalet karnivorer som i det vilda rör sig över stora områden eller hemytor. Syftet med denna studie var att titta på hur isbjörnarna på Orsa björnpark utnyttjar sitt hägn, vilka beteenden som kan observeras samt hur stor del av observationerna de spenderar tillsammans.

Examensarbetet Exteriört Designkoncept av Polar 560 för Soliferpolar AB är den avslutande delen på civilingenjörsprogrammet Teknisk Design vid Luleå tekniska universitet med inriktning industridesign. Examensarbetet är utfört under en projekttid på 20 veckor åt SoliferPolar AB. SoliferPolar AB är idag nordens största tillverkare av husvagnar. Platsen är Dorotea, där både SOLIFER och POLAR tillverkas. Arbetet syftar till att finna en tilltalande exteriör husvagnsdesign som skall öka marknadsandelarna för SoliferPolar AB genom ökad försäljning av POLAR.

Detta är ett examensarbete på 15 högskolepoäng för avdelningen industriell design vid Luleå tekniska universitet och är genomfört under 10 veckor vintern 2007/2008. Uppdragsgivaren för arbetet är SoliferPolar AB som är en av Europas ledande tillverkare av åretrunthusvagnar. Projektet behandlar två modeller av Polarvagnen: Polar 560 CTH och Polar 620 TR. Uppdraget var att skapa en ny interiör för modellen Polar 620 TR med syfte att ge Polar inspiration för framtida inredningar. Arbetet innefattar också en djupgående kundundersökning på modellen Polar 560 CTH som har till syfte att ge SoliferPolar kännedom om kundernas åsikter på deras nuvarande inredning.

The aim with this report is to formulate a strategic method to optimize selection processes of DNA-samples from a faeces inventory to identify as many individuals in as few analyzes as possible, and by that keep down the costs of brown bear management. Brown bear management in Sweden founds today on results from faeces inventory and is substantially led by the county administration boards. Data from the years of 2004 and 2009´s inventories in Västerbotten was used to test and evaluate different methods in selection processes of which faeces that should be sampled. Comparison were made between making selection by chance, by spatial distribution and by calculating variations in logistic regressions coefficient b, in other words bear density and probability in finding same individual in several faeces. We can show making selection by chance is the most uncertain method.

AbstractNilsson, Mårten: The Bear Quartet: Analys av en stilutveckling. - Uppsala: Musikvetenskap, 1997. - 60 p.Hur  förändrar en popgrupp sin musik och varför?  Denna fråga har varit utgångspunkt för uppsatsen, där syftet är att analysera den svenska gruppen The Bear Quartets musikaliska utveckling samt beskriva därmed sammanhängande musikestetiska ställningstaganden.I uppsatsen visas skiva för skiva hur gruppens musik utvecklats, från debuten 1992 till den 1997 utgivna sjätte skivan, varefter detta sammanställs med medlemmarnas åsikter om sin musik, huvudsakligen hämtade från en av uppsatsförfattaren utförd intervju.Gruppens musik varieras ständigt; den larmande, gitarrbaserade musiken med nästan ohörbar sång på debutskivan har utvecklats via en tydligare pop med utökat instrumentarium till en musik som tydligt hämtar beståndsdelar från gruppens alla tidigare skivor. The Bear Quartets medlemmar är mycket medvetna om hur musiken ska utformas, och vill inte upprepa sig.

The European Brown bear (Ursus arctos) has gone from basically being extinct in Sweden to, 2008 being estimated to a total of 3298 individuals. When looking at the new Swedish moose management system it is important to have an ecosystem-based approach and therefore include all the parts that moose impacts on and from in the management, especially the brown bear. Primarily in the spring and early summer the brown bear is a significant predator on moose calfs which must be taken into account in moose management. When the bear recolonize areas that it has previously been eradicated from, it will once again come in contact with people who are not accustomed to the bear's role in the ecosystem. We studied three groups of moose management areas with different predation by bears.

The return of large predators to regions where they were previously extirpated has created a need for knowledge about their effect on prey species, not only their lethal but also their behavioural or risk effects. In this study the behavioural risk effects of brown bear (Ursus arctos) were tested on fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), moose (Alces alces) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). This was done by using patches of fur to simulate the presence of the novel predator (brown bear), a novel nonpredator (reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and no fur as control. These three treatments were then compared. The response variables measured were increased vigilance, decreased feeding time and change in patch use.

Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic is increasing rapidly. In both Polar Regions, the cruise tourism is predominant. Several of the tour operators arrange trips under the banner of ecotourism, meaning that the trips should be ecologically sustainable. To ensure ecotourism standards there are different types of certifications; for cruise travels in the Arctic there is AECO (the Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators) certification, and for travels to the Antarctic IAATO (the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators). Promoters of ecotourism argue that these trips are important because they create support for conservation work among tourists making them ?polar ambassadors?.

As a hibernating species, the brown bear spend most of the winter months in a den as astrategy to avoid unfavorable conditions. The denning period is a vulnerable time for bears,making them unable to flee disturbances without losing valuable amounts of energy. Brownbears' wariness of humans and avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance often steer denningbears away from human infrastructure, and bears thereby avoid possible disturbance and itsassociated energetic costs. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that bearsdenning closer to infrastructure select more covered den sites to compensate for the closedistance. Dens from 32 individuals were visited and analyzed in terms of sighting distance(a measurement for den horizontal cover) and habitat ruggedness, in relation to distances toinfrastructure.

Uppsatsen beskriver vad hedgefonder är och undersöker likheter och skillnader mellan svenska och utländska hedgefonder under perioden 2002-2006. Därefter jämförs amerikanska hedgefonder med index samt riskfria tillgångar under perioden 2000-2003 med syftet att undersöka vad som händer med hedgefonder under en period när börsen sjönk..

It is not easy to understand people?s fears since they are not always a logical reflection of the danger in certain situations. This study is an attempt to give a scientific view of the potential danger that certain animals in Sweden pose and compare this to Swedes? fear of these animals. A report shows that Swedes? have a certain amount of fear for being attacked by a wild animal in the forest and this fear has increased for certain animals over the last years.

Soapnuts have been used as a cleaning detergent and medicine since ancient times in different parts of Asia. Today soapnuts are sold as an environmentally friendly alternative to common washing detergents. The aim of this literary study is to give an answer to what it is in the soapnuts that makes them work as a washing detergent. The active component belongs to a group of components called saponins which are secondary metabolites with the purpose to protect the tree from pathogen attacks. Saponins are widely spread in the vegetable kingdom and some of the families and species are so rich in saponins that their names are influenced by this, for example Sapnindaceae and Sapindus which are mentioned in the beginning of this literary study.